For instance, photons and neutrinos from SN 1987A were observed to have an agreement in transit time to about 1 part in 450 million, with even this difference being accounted for by light being impeded by the material of the star early in its journey. The OPERA results, in contrast, suggested that neutrinos were traveling faster than light by a factor of 1 in 40,000,i.e. that neutrino speed is 1.0000248(28) c. Had neutrinos from SN 1987A traveled faster than light by this factor, they would have arrived at Earth several years before the photons; this was not observed to be the case.
However, neutrinos from the supernova had orders of magnitude less energy than the neutrinos observed in the OPERA experiment, as the authors point out.
The idea that neutrinos could have a tachyonic nature was proposed as far back as 1985 by Chodos et al.Today, the possibility of having standard particles moving at superluminal speeds is a natural consequence of unconventional dispersion relations that appear in the Standard-Model Extension, a realistic description of the possible violation of Lorentz invariance in field theory. In this framework, neutrinos experience Lorentz-violating oscillations and can travel faster than light at high energies.
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